Abstract
The variety of surgical methods, modified approaches, and modern advances make it possible to predict the outcome of the intraoperative course in cataract and glaucoma surgery with minimal risk of complications. Interest in pseudoexfoliation syndrome will not subside and research and observations will be carried out at a broad clinical level, as the trend towards increasing life expectancy in the middle and older population continues. Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is a complex multifactorial process that is associated with cataracts and glaucoma. The etiology of PES remains unclear, despite the modern approach, the centuries-long development of clinical ophthalmology, non-nophysiology, and molecular biology. However, later, scientists, having discovered deposited abnormal material in internal organs and tissues, came to the conclusion that this syndrome is a systemic disorder of connective tissue metabolism. According to some authors, factors contributing to the development of this syndrome may be bad habits (smoking for many years), chronic somatic pathologies, mainly cardiovascular diseases, endocrinological pathologies, hypertension, atherosclerotic deposits, vascular aneurysms. Other authors have studied the risk of developing glaucoma with comorbid pathologies, noting the high incidence of cardiac and cerebrovascular pathologies. Comorbid pathologies can often increase intraocular fluid, which in turn can provoke the development of transient hypertension. The authors, comparing pseudoexfoliation syndrome with primary open-angle glaucoma, noted the influence of somatic conditions on orbital blood flow, which can also disrupt the hydrodynamics of the eye in the long term. In glaucoma and cataract surgery, there are various surgical, drug and non-drug approaches to improve the condition of the visual organ. This review describes the developments of various technologies, modified approaches, and the development of surgical instruments to solve complex problems for the surgeon.
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