Abstract
Приведена краткая история исследований на Северной ЛОС Института лесоведения РАН. Проанализированы результаты многолетних стационарных наблюдений сукцессионных процессов в типичных для южной тайги березняках с подпологовой популяцией ели. Рассмотрена динамика ценопопуляции ели по стадиям возрастного развития березняка. Изучены рост ели, динамика возрастной и парцеллярной структур фитоценоза, семеношение и возобновление ели. The directions and results of researches at the forest objects of the Institute of Forest Science RAS Northern experimental station for a 60-year period are considered. The role of various environmental factors on the development of forest phytocenoses has been determined. Peculiarities of the physicochemical properties and water regime of soils, the structure of root systems, nitrogen and carbon nutrition of phytocenosis elements in connection with forest types and cutting of stands have been revealed. As a result, a detailed characterization of the southern taiga biocenoses types was given and the soil-ecological foundations of forestry for the research region were developed. Investigations of the birch forests succession process with understorey spruce population remain relevant. This is due to insufficient knowledge of the late stages of birch forests development. The basis of forming under the canopy of birch spruce forest the first generation or, renewed during the first 25-30 years of life of birch. Succession processes in the considered phytocenoses proceed very slowly. Spruce is introduced into the first tier of the stand at the age of 7580 years in 80-90-year-old birch. However, the number and proportion of such trees is extremely small (in 115-year-old birch 60 PCs. ha-1, 17 by number of trees, 9 by stock of stem wood). By the age of natural maturity of birch (120 years) is formed by spruce forest with low completeness (0,3) and the performance of the relevant IV class. Change of birch stands at the age of natural ripeness by high-performance spruce stands is impossible. The process of natural change of birch spruce forests, given the age of technical ripeness of future spruce forests, can be delayed for at least 200 years.
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