УСТРОЙСТВО И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС СМЕШИВАНИЯ И ВНЕСЕНИЯ УДОБРЕНИЙ С ПОЛИВНОЙ ВОДОЙ ДЛЯ ПОДКОРМКИ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ КУЛЬТУР

Abstract

Purpose: development of technological schemes and technical means of mixing and applying fertilizers with irrigation water for feeding crops. Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the fields of Biryuchekutsky vegetable breeding experimental station – a branch of Federal Scientific Center for Vegetable Growing (town Novocherkassk) and in the farm of the settlement Zaplavskaya Oktyabrsky district Rostov region on sites with protected ground. To justify the technological process of applying fertilizers using a 4-component fertilizer mixer with water and applying the mixture into the soil during fertilizing irrigation, technological schemes that allow applying all types of fertilizers have been developed. Results. According to the above technological schemes, fertilizers are proposed to be applied to the soil using drip irrigation and a 4-component jet mixer in the following order: using the calculated doses for the planned crop yield, fill the containers with the extract of livestock wastewater, mineral fertilizers and microelements (micronutrients are applied according to the recommendations of the agronomic service); a jet mixer is put into operation, in which pressure water supplied from a centrifugal pump or from a pressure pipeline is used as a working flow, fertilizer is used as a suction flow. The change in the mixture concentration is carried out by the corresponding valves. The above technological schemes are recommended for use in the cultivation of vegetable crops in large and small farms, in open and protected ground, allow the use of all types of fertilizers for fertilizing irrigation of vegetable crops. Conclusions: the proposed technological schemes make it possible to apply all the necessary types of fertilizers, to substantiate the initial data for the hydraulic calculation of the irrigation network, to establish the main geometric dimensions and hydraulic parameters of a 4-component jet mixer.