СКРИНИНГ КОЛОРЕКТАЛЬНОГО РАКА У СОТРУДНИКОВ МВД РОССИИ ПО РЕСПУБЛИКЕ ТАТАРСТАН. ПЕРВЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

Abstract

Background. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers. The medical society continues to search for evidence-based colorectal cancer screening methods. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of colorectal cancer screening in MIA employees using a preliminary questionnaire. The role of questionnaires in informing patients about modifiable risk factors for colorectal cancer was assessed. Material and methods. Thirty- seven employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, undergoing inpatient treatment, aged 40 to 51 years, participated in the study. Study protocol: on admission, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire to identify risk and exclusion factors. Depending on the results of the questionnaire, each patient was assigned a method of primary colorectal cancer screening – fecal occult blood test or colonoscopy. If small epithelial masses were detected on colonoscopy, a one-stage polypectomy was performed. Results and discussion. Screening examinations allow the detection of precancerous diseases of the colon and, if certain conditions are met and equipment is available, the removal of masses at the initial colonoscopy. Performing a pre-screening survey allows you to identify risk factors for colorectal cancer and to select the right method of screening, as well as to inform patients about opportunities to reduce their likelihood of getting colorectal cancer. Thirty-seven patients were selected for screening. After analysis of the questionnaires, one patient was referred for colonoscopy and 36 patients underwent fecal occult blood tests; 15 of them were found to be positive. As a result, screening colonoscopy was performed in 13 patients, 9 of whom had epithelial masses with different histological structures detected and removed. Conclusion. The first results of screening for colorectal cancer in the Ministry of Internal Affairs allow us to conclude that it is effective for the diagnosis and treatment of precancerous diseases of the colon. The introduction of systematic screening is possible only if certain conditions are met.