Abstract
The article presents the results of studies conducted on gray forest soils of the Ancestral region of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2021-2022 to study the productivity and adaptability of twelve corn hybrids of different precocity breeding FGBNU "Corn Research Institute" Siberian-135, Mashuk-140, Nur, K-160, K-165, Baikal, K-170, Mashuk-171, Mashuk-172, Newton, Mashuk-220, Mashuk-250. Characteristics of the experimental site: humus content is low 3.8%, mobile phosphorus is very high 288 mg / kg of soil and potassium exchange increased 153 mg / kg of soil. The reaction of the soil environment is close to neutral. Analyzing the indicators, the early-maturing three-line hybrid Baikal turned out to be the most productive. Even under stressful climatic conditions, the average plant height of the hybrid was 256.5 cm, the biological yield was 8.29 t/ha, the aboveground mass in the phase of milk ripeness of grain was 64.30 t/ha and the leaf area was 43.56 thousand m2/ha. At the same time, the qualitative characteristics of the Baikal hybrid grain were not lost. The protein content was 10.31%, starch 61.10%. Also, a high level of grain yield was obtained from the average early hybrid Mashuk-250 – 8.13 t/ha. This is 0.16 t/ha less than that of the Baikal hybrid. Early-maturing Nur and Mashuk-171 hybrids had a yield of 7.92 t/ha (0.37 t/ha less than the maximum value). The highest protein content was found in the grain of the ultra-ripe hybrid Siberian–135 - 11.31%. The highest starch content was in the grain of the Newton hybrid – 68.29%. The lowest grain yield was obtained when cultivating the Mashuk-220 hybrid (6.07 t/ha). The protein and starch content in the grain of this hybrid is average (9.31% and 62.22%).
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