СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ К ЛЕЧЕНИЮ БОЛЬНЫХ ТУБЕРКУЛЕЗОМ С МНОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ УСТОЙЧИВОСТЬЮ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ НОВЫХ ПРОТИВОТУБЕРКУЛЕЗНЫХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2021 the number of TB patients increased worldwide and reached 10.6 million people, while in 2020 this rate was 9.9. million people. We also observed proliferation of drug-resistant TB. According to the WHO, 450,000 TB patients with multiple drug resistance (MDR) were registered worldwide in 2021, which exceeded the similar rate in 2020 by 3%. In the recent years we observed decrease in TB incidence in the Russian Federation.TB incidence was 53.3 people per 100,000 population in 2016, and 32.4 people per 100,000 population in 2020. MDR-TB prevalence was 16.4 per 100,000 population in the Russian Federation in 2021. The share of extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB patients was 22.3% in the end of 2021. Many scientists have emphasized the need for active development of novel drugs for drug-resistant (DR) TB treatment. Delamanid is one of the novel TB drugs, included in the list of DR-TB drugs by the WHO in 2015. Wide use of delamanid in MDR-TB treatment regimens may improve effectiveness of chemotherapy, also by increasing patients’ adherence to treatment, and decrease adverse events. However, use of delamanid and other novel TB drugs in MDR/XDR-TB treatment regimens requires further research.