Агробіологічна оцінка бінарних ценозів у змішаних посівах люпину вузьколистого та ячменю ярого в умовах Полісся

Abstract

Goal. Find ways of managing the productive potential of new binary coenoses with narrow-leaved lupine and spring barley, optimizing the sowing rates of components in mixtures, and fertilizer systems for growing green fodder. Methods. Field — short-term stationary experiment, laboratory — determination of quality indicators of fodder according to generally accepted methods, processing of experimental data — using the Microsoft Office Excel computer program. Results. During 2016–2020, an agrobiological assessment of heterogeneous coenoses of narrow-leaved lupine with spring barley was carried out for different ratios and rates of fertilizer application. Binary coenoses with a seeding rate were identified: narrow-leaved lupine — 1.26 million of germinated seeds (g.s.) (0.7N) + spring barley — 1.5 million g.s. (0.3N) and narrow-leaved lupine — 1.08 million g.s. (0.6N) + spring barley — 2 million g.s. (0.4H), where narrow-leaved lupine plants had the highest relative productivity (RY) — 0.88–1.54, sufficiently high indicators of competitiveness (0.19–1.47) of the valuable leguminous component, the relative productivity of mixtures (RYM) — 1.95–2.39 and the overall relative crop productivity (RYT) at 2.43–2.63. The established indicators of the ratio of land equivalents of coenoses (LER) 1.25–2.14 indicate that mixtures by 25–114% formed more green fodder yield per 1 ha than their monospecies crops. The productivity of binary coenoses was 18.5–28.3 t/ha of green or 4.8–7.4 of dry weight (2.87–4.98 fodder units, 0.56–0.93 t/ha of digestible protein, provision of 1 f.u. with digestible protein was 186–222 g), the cost of green fodder made 522–631 UAH/t. The introduction of the complex mineral fertilizer Ekoplant helped to increase the productivity of mixtures by 23–32% compared to the control. The application of foliar treatment of the vegetative mass of plants with the growth regulator Grainactive C contributed to the increase in the yield of green mass by 4–16% compared to the corresponding options without treatment. Conclusions. A binary mixture is recommended for Polissia conditions with a sowing rate of narrow-leaved lupine 0.7N and spring barley 0.3N, on the background of fertilizing with P55K41 + Ecoplant with foliar treatment by Grainactive C, which can ensure the yield of green fodder mass at the level of 28.3 t/ha, or 7.4 t/ha of dry weight, yield 4.98 f.u., with a yield of 0.93 t/ha of digestible protein, provision of 1 f.u. with digestible protein is 186 g.