Изменение механических свойств и заряда поверхности форменных элементов крови в условиях активации пуринергической сигнальной системы

Abstract

Normally, in the microcirculatory vascular channel, blood shaped elements function under conditions of force action from moving layers of a moving plasma, the so-called mechanical stress. In response to mechanical stress, red blood cells and endothelium cells excrete ATP molecules, which are key participants in cell-cell interactions by means of activating purine receptors on blood cell membranes. In the present work, using the methods of atomic force microscopy, we studied the mechanical and electrical properties of blood cells under conditions of mechanical stress in vitro. When activating the purinergic signaling system, the level of ATP in the blood increased 2.3 times compared with the control. A change in the biophysical properties of the plasmalemma of blood cells was established. The stiffness of erythrocytes and lymphocytes increased respectively by 29% and 26% (p <0.05), the surface potential became more negative by 23.5% and 27% (p <0.05), respectively, compared to the control. However, the important point in the study, there was an established increase in adhesion force between the erythrocyte and lymphocyte by 49.7% (p <0.05), which confirms the important physiological role of erythrocytes in enhancing the adhesive function of leukocytes. The data obtained allow us to conclude that the ATP molecule excreted by erythrocytes under mechanical “stress” is an auto and paracrine regulator of the biophysical properties of the erythrocyte and lymphocyte plasmalemma, which is important in studying the mechanisms of cell – cell interactions in the microvasculature and searching for pharmacological regulators of the vascular tone.