Изучение закономерностей анатомической формы глазного яблока при слабости цинновой поддержки у пациентов с возрастной неосложненной катарактой

Abstract

As experience shows, periodically after the planned cataract surgery with the implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) into the capsule bag and uncomplicated course of the early postoperative period, there are cases of spontaneous dislocation of the "IOL – capsule bag" complex later. Their frequency is 0.2–2.8% of all cases of IOL dislocations. This is due to the initial weakness of the fibers of the zonule of Zinn, which was not detected during the preoperative examination. Purpose. To study the variants of the anatomical shape of the eyeball in patients with weak of the zonule of Zinn. Material and methods. The clinical material is presented by 30 patients with senile cataracts. Their ages ranged from 53 to 75 years old. The main group consisted of 15 patients with 1st degree lens subluxation. The comparison group included 15 patients without signs of weakness in zonule of Zinn support. The anatomical shape of the eyeball was evaluated. For this, the anteroposterior axis (APA) and transverse axis (TA) of the eyeball were measured, followed by calculation of the variant of the anatomical shape of the eye, using the assessment of options for the APA / TA ratio. Results. When using a comparative assessment of the values of the ratio APA / TA, a statistically significant difference between the groups of 1.10±0.04 versus 1.05±0.05 was revealed (Student's t test, p = 0.004). This indicates that the shape of the eyes in the form of a more elongated ellipsoid prevailed statistically significantly in the main group. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate an objective tendency towards the predominance of the anatomical shape of the eye in the form of a more elongated ellipsoid. It is possible that this fact is of clinical significance for the development of weakness of the zonule of Zinn support in the main group. Key words: the zonule of Zinn, weakness of the zonule of Zinn support, senile cataract, anatomical shape of the eye, anteroposterior axis of the eye, transverse axis of the eye.