Скрининг сортов яровой мягкой пшеницы питомника Касиб к бурой и стеблевой ржавчине в условиях Западной Сибири

Abstract

In connection with climate warming and, consequently, the deterioration of phytopathological situation, associated with the emergence of aggressive races of fungal diseases, as well as the cultivation of susceptible varieties on the main wheat sowing area in Western Siberia, it is important to expand the genotypic variety of wheat varieties and to search for new sources of long-term sustainability. The results of the assessment of spring soft wheat varieties of the KASIB breeding nursery, set up jointly by the scientific institutions of Western Siberia, Kazakhstan and CIMMYT International Center for the Improvement of Corn and Wheat are presented in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of West Siberia. The research was conducted in 2011-2016, using field and laboratory methods. The results of the assessment of susceptibility of KASIB varieties to brown and stem rust have shown, that varieties with high resistance prevail among resistant varieties in all phases of plant development, which indicates targeted selection for immunity with genes of race-specific and age resistance. The use of cluster analysis made it possible to identify significant differences in productivity and resistance to rust diseases of the varieties of KASIB program. Wheat varieties from KASIB are underlined: 14, 15 - Lutestsens 141/03-2 and Sigma (SibNIISKh), from KASIB nursery 16, 17 - Erytrospermum 85-08 (Omsk SAU), Lutestsens 6/04-4 and Lutestsens 186/04- 61 (SibNIISKh), resistant to brown and stem rust, exceeding in terms of yield standards, which are recommended to be used as a starting material for wheat selection in Western Siberia.