Остеологические коллекции с территории Чеченской Республики и Республики Ингушетия в фондах НИИ и Музея антропологии МГУ

Abstract

The article revises osteological collections from Chechnya and Ingushetia in the Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. Materials and methods. We worked mainly with the archival records of the Museum of Anthropology and the Institute of Archaeology RAS, and directly with the museum items (skulls). The collections from Chechnya and Ingushetia originated mostly from excavations conducted by E.I. Krupnov and his students – R.M. Munchaev and V.I. Markovin in the 1930s and 1950-1960s. In addition to these materials, there are three skulls brought to the museum by V.F. Miller at the end of the 19th century, and two skulls donated to the museum by V.V. Bunak in the first half of the XX century. Results. Some inconsistencies in archaeological dates were revealed between the archival records, information in the 1986 catalog and in the scientific excavation reports. In cases when this was revealed, the revised archaeological dates were presented. The most remarkable was the situation with the Bamut cemetery. Among 7 skulls, listed in all archival documents of the Museum of Anthropology as late medieval, one skull was found to be Eneolithic. Conclusion. Osteological materials from Chechnya and Ingushetia of the Museum of Anthropology collections amount 29 storage units (29 skulls and 1 incomplete postcranial skeleton) and cover a wide chronological range from the Eneolithic to the Late Middle Ages. The craniological data for most of these materials were published by A.G. Gadzhiev and V.P. Alekseev.