Метафоризация лексики, принадлежащей концептуальным сферам ИНДУСТРИЯ и КОМПЬЮТЕРНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ (на материале английского биологического научно-популярного дискурса)

Anna V Filatova,Saratov State University

doi:10.18500/1817-7115-2022-22-1-19-24

Abstract

The article considers how the conceptual metaphor functions in biological popular science English discourse. The purpose of this paper is to reveal the correlation between the target domain represented by all branches of Biology (biological popular science discourse) and the INDUSTRY and INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY source domains by examining a plethora of metaphoric expressions constituting them. By using continuous sampling method, as well as methods of conceptual and component analysis, the author considers metaphorical expressions which constitute the source domains. This paper analyses the lexical units from English and American popular science articles on Biology in order to identify the conceptual grounds which underlie the conceptual mappings between the target and source domains. In this paper we combine the approaches of Russian and Western linguistic traditions (Chudinov, Lakoff). The modern approach to metaphor, developed in the beginning of the 20th century and combining the embodied and communicative approaches (B. Hampe), is also examined. The works of the Russian linguists dedicated to the linguistic picture of the world (V. Maslova, N. Zanegina) are covered as well. The data (2 410 metaphorical expressions) confirm that the majority of the secondary meanings developed by the lexemes under analysis show a sharp contrast with their primary (basic) meanings. The obtained results prove that the metaphoric expressions belonging to the INDUSTRY domain seem to be less frequent in comparison to the INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY source domain, which allows to build up a detailed thesaurus and a large number of contexts. Furthermore, the results help to discover that the most common target domains to describe this type of discourse happen to be cells, fungi, plants and some genetic material. This can be explained by the close attention to the most imperceptible processes that happen on the molecular level.

Highlights

The purpose of this paper is to reveal the correlation between the target domain represented by all branches of Biology and the INDUSTRY and INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY source domains by examining a plethora of metaphoric expressions constituting them
This paper analyses the lexical units from English and American popular science articles on Biology in order to identify the conceptual grounds which underlie the conceptual mappings between the target and source domains
The data (2 410 metaphorical expressions) confirm that the majority of the secondary meanings developed by the lexemes under analysis show a sharp contrast with their primary meanings

Summary

Introduction

Обратимся к первичному значению лексемы factory: «A building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled by machine», что дает основу для концептуального признака переноса – централизованное производство чего-либо в больших количествах. Рассмотрим первичное значение лексемы power house: «A person or thing of great energy, strength, or power», что дает основу для концептуального признака переноса – производство энергии, и в этих двух предложениях мы можем увидеть текстообразующую роль метафоры, в то время как в последнем предложении объясняется суть митохондрий-«генераторов»: они являются центром, «горнилом», куда жирные кислоты «поставляют» карнитин для улучшения метаболизма в организме.

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