『그리스인 조르바』에 나타난 카잔차키스와 장자(莊子)의 삶에 대한 고찰: 소요유(逍遙遊)의 자유정신을 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to compare the philosophical meanings of ‘liberty’ and ‘Soyoyu(逍遙遊)’ mentioned in the novel Zorba the Greek and the Chinese writer of classical literature, Zhuangzi. The life and philosophy of Nikos Kazantzakis are explained in the novel through the central figure of Zorba. First of all, through the classic work of Zhuangzi, this paper examines the meaning of liberty in the oriental sense. Then it looks at the various other meanings and terms for ‘liberty’ in Eastern and Western contexts. Next, the meaning of liberty of Zorba in Zorba the Greek and the free spirit of ‘Eteta(哀駘它)’ in Zhuangzi, that is, ‘Soyoyu(逍遙遊), are compared, with a robust explanation of the two. In addition, in order to fully examine the sense of time, Biyubimu(非有非無), which is the philosophical understanding that there is neither existence nor nonexistence is briefly discussed. Along with this philosophical point of view, Kazantzakis’ perspective, that is, “I am the starting point of an infinite past and future, only the present is here” is looked at. Finally, Zorba and Eteta, owners of liberal spirits who are free from self-consciousness, constitute a posture of facing life. Like Zorba, who dances in the face of despair, Eteta is never swayed by external conditions. Looking at the reason of the world from a relative perspective and embracing the world, they were all like water and wind, so these two elements represent Zhuangzi and Kazantzakis’ personae.