Національна інфраструктура геопросторових даних України у світовому вимірі: стан та нагальні завдання розвитку і сталого функціонування

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to summarize world experience and trends in the development of geospatial data infrastructure (SDI) in developed countries, assess the state of formation of the national geospatial data infrastructure (NSDI) in Ukraine, identify key problems and tasks to ensure its sustainable development and functioning. Methodology. Monographic method for processing scientific publications, regulations, standards and other materials for the creation of NSDI. The assessment of the state of formation of the NSDI in Ukraine was made according to the indicators that were determined by the UN Committee of Experts on Global Geospatial Information Management (UN-GGIM). Results. The key principles, architecture and roles of producers, holders and users of data of three generations SDIs, observed in the evolution of SDIs in developed countries, are determined. Periodization of the main initiatives and projects in 1992–2020, concerning the formation of NSDI in Ukraine. The overall assessment of the state of NSDI in Ukraine according to UN-GGIM indicators at the time of the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On National Geospatial Data Infrastructure” (2020) is 0.39, which corresponds to the rating of countries with a “geospatial gap”. The biggest challenges were identified in the areas of governance and institutional support, financial support, production and updating of data, ability and education, communication and partnership. The basic architecture, the composition of geoinformation services of the NSDI geoportals of Ukraine and the means of achieving interoperability of NSDI components based on the implementation of the national profile of geographic information standards harmonized with the international standards of the ISO 19100 series and the technical specifications of the Open Geospatial Consortium have been substantiated. Scientific novelty. Assessment of the state of formation of NSDI in Ukraine according to UN-GGIM indicators, substantiation of directions and technological models of ensuring interoperability of NSDI components taking into account the conditions of Ukraine. Practical significance. The key problems and urgent tasks of NSDI development in Ukraine are identified, the sequence of stages of its development is substantiated by the priority implementation of the basic network of infrastructure geoportals for access to existing geospatial data with the gradual provision of their interoperability and consistency based on the use of the unified set of basic geospatial data and the implementation of the national profile of geoinformation standards.