Информационное обеспечение мониторинга природных экосистем, нарушенных в ходе освоения георесурсов, при экоинвестиционном подходе к их восстановлению

Abstract

Exploitation of georesources involves the haulage and storage of a large volume of rocks, which has a negative impact on the natural environment, particularly leading to the destruction of phytocenoses – the main component of natural landscapes. The relevance of the problem of preserving a sustainable state of the biosphere continually increases as its productivity declines amidst the growth of georesource production and consumption, highlighting the need for the restoration of natural ecosystems in light of the modern understanding of their role in ensuring sustainable development of civilization. Based on the study of self-organizing nature of soils at the Mining Institute of the Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a methodology and technology for restoring disrupted natural ecosystems in the exploitation of georesources has been justified and developed in accordance with the principle of their self-organization, through the creation of a biologically active environment. The formation of a biologically active environment through the establishment of seeded cereal phytocenosis without the application of a fertile layer represents an eco-investment approach, aimed at increasing the energy potential of the system-forming biota function to accelerate the restoration process of natural ecosystems. The large areas of disturbed land in the mining industry and the multifactorial impact of industrial enterprises on the natural environment determine the relevance of an integrated assessment of the dynamics of natural ecosystem restoration based on terrestrial and satellite data. The information support for monitoring the restoration of natural ecosystems disrupted by the exploitation of georesources includes data on the stages of biological organization of the rock: the state of disturbed land and the resource potential of their self-restoration, the terrestrial study of organic matter accumulation dynamics, genetic parameters, and functional indicators of developing soils, geobotanical descriptions of the forming phytocenosis in the forest stage of successional seeded cereal phytocenosis without the application of a fertile layer, and morphophysiological characteristics of dominant plants in the surrounding natural environment in the forming phytocenosis. Satellite data characterize the material composition of the rock, the vegetation index, and the moisture stress index of the forming phytocenosis.