Визначення завдань територіальної оборони України з урахуванням історичних аспектів та досвіду держав-членів НАТО І ЄС

Abstract

Changes in the security environment that took place on the European continent in recent years have forced a number of NATO and EU member states to reconsider their approaches to the protection of state sovereignty and territorial integrity. A significant proportion of some EU member states implemented their own defense policy through the organization and preparation of territorial defense, as one of the most economical and effective reserves for maintaining the appropriate level of defense capabilities of their state. For Ukraine, the organization of territorial defense acquires special significance in improving the state defense system, which is currently carried out in conditions of armed confrontation. In determining Ukraine's tasks of territorial defense the attention should be paid to the historical aspects and experience of NATO and EU member states. The purpose of the article is to analyze the historical aspects, the experience of NATO and EU member states to determine the tasks of territorial defense during the development of the draft Law of Ukraine “On Territorial Defense of Ukraine”. Most NATO and EU member states assign additional tasks to territorial defense, in particular: - Ensuring public safety and maintaining public order; - Crime prevention; fight against terrorism; - Participation in information security activities; - Ensuring the security of the population and territories; - Emergency response. A significant proportion of NATO and EU member states do not rule out the performance of the task by patriotic forces to successfully combat action with a possible aggressor in the framework of territorial defense. Such tasks can include: - Carrying out sabotage operations in the rear of the enemy to destroy or decommission its military facilities; - Adjustment of blows and fire of missile and artillery means on the enemy; - Release of hostages and prisoners of war; - Disorganization of the work of the occupying authorities; - Conducting information activities among the population in the temporarily occupied territories.