Агроэкологическая оценка степени деградации лугово-чернозёмной почвы в яблоневых садах на примере ФГУП «Мичуринское» Тамбовской области

Abstract

In the monoculture of a weakly growing apple tree, the fatigue of meadow-chernozem soils manifests itself at the age of 16-18 years of trees. A methodology for assessing the degree of soil degradation in apple orchards has been developed. Its approbation on the example of meadow-chernozem soil showed that the rate of capillary rise of water in aggregates of 0.25-5 mm, the amount of exchange bases, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, the number of bacteria, the intensity of cellulose destruction and the total nitrogen content in barley leaves in the tillering phase when grown as a test culture degraded to the greatest extent. The weakest degree of degradation of meadow-chernozem soil was noted by total porosity, maximum hygroscopic, capillary moisture capacity, the content of exchangeable potassium, magnesium, pH of salt extract and the amount of yeast. The soil parameters that have changed the least are the components of the buffering of meadow-chernozem soil: total porosity, maximum hygroscopic and capillary moisture capacity, the content of exchangeable potassium, magnesium, pH of salt extract and the amount of yeast. The degree of degradation of meadow-chernozem soil in 26-year-old low-growing apple orchards of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Michurinskoye" of the Tambov region on rootstock 62-396 with row spacing under black steam is low or medium. Assessment of the degree of soil degradation can also be used as a characteristic of the level of agricultural technology in a given farm. Keywords: APPLE ORCHARDS, SOIL TRANSFORMATION, SOIL DEGRADATION, SOIL FERTILITY ASSESSMENT