СЕЛЕКЦИЯ НА ПОВЫШЕНИЕ АДАПТИВНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ЯРОВОГО ЯЧМЕНЯ ПО УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ К ЛИСТОВЫМ ПЯТНИСТОСТЯМ В ЦЕНТРАЛЬНОМ РЕГИОНЕ РОССИИ

Abstract

To solve the problem of long-term barley resistance to main biotic factors, the major role belongs to study of the original selection material and scientifically-based methods of parent choice. The goal of our study was to find the sources, characterized with high resistance to gelmintosporiosis pathogens of barley. The field environmental tests were laid up on the experimental fields of Moscow and Ryazan agricultural universities, in 2016-2018. In this article, the results of the spring barley sample collections studies, aimed toward their evaluation by the resistance to barley mesh barley spot and dark brown barley spot are presented. The immunology evaluation of the original material of different origin demonstrated, that the degree of gelmintosporiosis-caused barley diseases at experimental locations depended greatly of meteorological conditions per year. It was determined, that the greatest variation of barley spot resistance (V=46,8-69,8) was observed during the years of their maximum spread. The most valuable original material for cultivar’s adaptive potential increase are those genotypes, that have group resistance to diseases. Due to that, the main goal of our study was to evaluate the collection samples by their resistance to the local pathogens populations, and highlight the samples, simultaneously resistant to mesh barley spot and dark brown barley spot. Twelve samples were chosen, that demonstrated highest group resistance to gelmintosporiosis-caused diseases. By using the methods of stability and plasticity evaluation, we were able to determine the varietal differences in perspective material, and obtain the additional data to chose the most highly-adaptive forms. The results allowed us to recommend Nadejny, Talovsky 9, Binom, Krasnoyarujsky 6, Yakub, Getiman and Vziretz cultivars as initial material for new (with high and stable pathogen resistance) cultivars development. The evaluation of differentiating ability allowed to determine the selection environments with the best-developed pathogen complex as the best selection backgrounds for the selection of genotypes, characterized by high adaptive potential, stably maintaining the resistance gelmintosporiosis-caused barley spot regardless of weather conditions.