НАИЛУЧШИЕ ДОСТУПНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ И ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ЧЕРЕЗ ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ И РЕСУРСНОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ

Abstract

At the macro level, sustainable development, environmental issues, resource efficiency, energy security and decarbonisation are interrelated concepts and often interrelated policies and sets of measures. At the micro level, there is a direct link between resource consumption, energy intensity of products (technologies, processes) and negative environmental impacts and greenhouse gas emissions. At the same time, energy transition and decarbonization may in some cases conflict with energy security, and specific policies are needed to reconcile them. The Best Available Techniques (BAT) system can be seen as a comprehensive tool that combines environmental and industrial policy. The BAT mechanism goes beyond environmental regulation and promotes technological upgrading for competitiveness and sustainability. BAT is in line with the climate doctrine and the socio-economic development strategy of low greenhouse gas emissions. BAT indicators can serve as a metric for evaluating green projects, providing transparency and a common language for regulators and businesses. It could also involve extending the use of BAT for these purposes to second-tier and small and medium-sized enterprises, and generally positioning BAT as a key element of Russia's environmental, social and governance (ESG) infrastructure. In general, it is a universal and effective tool for solving pressing environmental and economic problems at both micro and macro levels.