Анализ влияния предела текучести на коррозионное растрескивание под напряжением мартенситных и ферритных сталей в кислых средах

Abstract

To evaluate the effect of yield stress on hydrogen embrittlement (HE) of martensitic and ferritic steels, the effect of hydrogen (H) capture by structural inhomogeneities (hydrogen traps) and the effect of plastic deformation and stress on the mechanism of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) are considered. In the presence of hydrogen, the brittle fracture of high-strength martensitic steels consists of flat areas of intergranular fracture at the initial austenitic grain boundaries and quasi-brittle cracks at the boundaries of martensite blocks. In low-strength steels, brittle fracture manifests itself in the form of transgranular fracture of ferrite grains. The decrease in the characteristics of martensitic steels with an increase in the yield strength occurs due to an increase in the hydrogen concentration at the stage of anodic dissolution (AD) due to the growth of the carbide/matrix interface. The reason for the growth hydrogen concentration in ferritic steels is a large mechanical overstress, an increase in the number of active dissolution centers, the formation of an electrochemical pearlite-ferrite pair, and an increase in surface roughness with increasing deformation. It is concluded that the bell-shaped dependences of the critical stress of the transition from AD to SCC and other characteristics of mechanical tests on magnitude are due to different mechanisms of hydrogen accumulation in martensitic and ferritic steels.