СТРУКТУРНО-ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ТЕНДЕНЦИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЛАНДШАФТОВ ЗОНЫ ПРИКАСПИЙСКИХ РАВНИН (ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНО-ШИРВАНСКОЙ, САЛЬЯНСКОЙ И ЛЕНКОРАНСКОЙ)

Abstract

The article describes the two main groups of factors influencing the modern landscape dynamics: natural and anthropogenic. The anthropogenic factors involved in landscape dynamics are more intense than natural factors. Natural factors mainly determine the direction of the dynamics of landscapes. In the structural-genetic relation the current state of landscapes of a zone of Caspian plains differs in exclusive dynamism and intensively increasing anthropogenic loading. In general, the coastal flat landscapes of the explored territory which left from under water in recent times in connection with late geology – geomorphology processes, have a relatively young pleistocene-golotsen age. In the structural- genetic relation the current state of landscapes of a zone of Caspian plains differs in exclusive dynamism and intensively increasing anthropogenic loading. In general, the coastal flat landscapes of the explored territory which left from under water in recent times in connection with late geology processes, have a relatively young pleistocene-golotsen age. Development of extensive and intensive rural economy led to strong change of a vegetable cover here that complicates a research of cause and effect communications between vegetable areas and regularities of zone distribution of other components of landscapes. Now on the Lankaran lowland of the wood remained only in the form of fragments. By our calculations, for the last 100 years woodiness of the Lankaran lowland decreased almost by 4-5 times. Basic changes of the forest areas Lankaran plains and replacement with their same agrotsenoza or afforestations consisting of one – two tree species (a kashtanolisty oak, a pine, a poplar, etc.), considerably strengthened integration of specific structure and level structure of a vegetable cover. Deforestation, drainage of swamps, increase in zones of resettlement and population density, growth of acreage, fluctuation of level of the Caspian Sea were also the reasons of decrease in number and structure of primary fauna of the Caspian plain.