ВЛИЯНИЕ ЭКСТРЕМАЛЬНЫХ УСЛОВИЙ ПРОЖИВАНИЯ И ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ НАГРУЗОК НА ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ АДАПТИВНЫХ СДВИГОВ В РЯДЕ ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ ОРГАНИЗМА

Abstract

The article presents a review of the literature, which analyzes the influence of extreme living conditions and physical exertion on the formation of adaptive shifts in a number of physiological systems of the body. The concept and essence of adaptation, its connection with human performance in extreme environmental conditions and intense physical exertion are considered. The main types of functional states of the organism are described. Information is provided that stressful situations caused by extreme conditions exert an excessive load on the system of psychophysiological self-regulation and cause emotional and physical stress. The successive stages of the formation of adaptive shifts are characterized: urgent and long-term adaptation, their characteristic features are given. Systemic, cellular and epigenetic mechanisms of long-term adaptation are considered. The influence of the directed training process on the functioning of the human body in extreme conditions is revealed