Феномен слепоглухоты. Еще раз о Загорском эксперименте (о фактах фальсификации, ее защитниках и об актуализации проблемы)

Abstract

Тhe article discusses the historical and methodological aspetcts of the «Zagorsk experiment». In the late 70-ies of the last century E.V. Ilyenkov, his supporters and also mass media and the authorities called him «an outstanding achievement of Soviet science of the world level»: four deafblind from birth, deprived of the psyche and consciousness, thanks to the Marxist methods of education were able to graduate from the psychology department of Moscow State University. Based on this concept E.V. Ilenkov stated about the formation of the person starting from «mental zero», as a purely social education, in which genetic factors play no role. However, it soon became clear that all four have lost sight and hearing in a rather late age, having already developed consciousness and well-formed speech. Moreover, the two of them had residual vision, and two other had remnants of hearing. These crucial facts refuted the concept of E.V. Ilyenkov, however, it was hidden by him and his supporters because the concept found support from official bodies. During perestroika this fraud was publicly exposed. However, still in numerous philosophical publications of the supporters of E.V. Ilyenkov the falsehood is silenced and the Zagorsky experiment extolled as an outstanding achievement of science. The article critically discusses these publications in the context of analysis of the social-biosocial problems, which became particularly acute in the context of global environmental crisis. The article shows the inconsistency of the concept of E.V. Ilyenkov. It is emphasized that in the face of rising technological capabilities of prosthetics vision and hearing the development of new methodological, pedagogical and psychological approaches to the solution of problems of social rehabilitation of deafblind becomes necessary.