유형론 시각에서의 명사 분류사 및 복수 표지 의미 기능 대조연구 - 상하이 방언, 표준 중국어와 한국어를 대상으로 -

Abstract

This paper studies the semantic functions of noun classifiers and plural markers in Shanghai dialect, Mandarin and Korean. In the inventory of Shanghai dialect, noun classifiers’ mighty degree is high. The expansion of semantic functions is also obvious. However, plural markers in Shanghai dialect can only represent the meaning of associative plural. In some cases, noun classifiers can be omitted in Mandarin. Noun Classifiers in Mandarin only have one expanded function which is indefinite demonstration. Plural markers in Mandarin can represent the meaning of collective plural and associative plural. It can also raise the objectivity of a speech. When people talk about the amount of something, noun classifier is not a must in Korean. Its function expansion is also weak. In contrast, Korean plural markers have a wide range of usage and a variety of semantic functions. The mighty degree of noun classifiers is Shanghai dialect＞Mandarin＞Korean while that of plural markers is in a reversed way. From the perspective of language inventory typology, noun classifiers’ great mighty degree implies the syntactic and semantic constrains of plural markers.