Вплив азотного живлення і захисту посівів від бур’янів на продуктивність сої в Правобережному Лісостепу України

Abstract

In this article results of two years old researches of joint influence of chemical protection of crops from weeds, nitrogen mineral fertilizers and inoculation of sowing material on productivity and quality of soybean harvests in the Right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine were analyzed. Field experiments in the course of from 2017 to 2018 were conducted in a stationary crop rotation of the laboratory of selection and seed production of the separated subdivision of National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Agronomic Research Station” in a village Pshenychne of Vasylkivsky district of Kyiv region. It was found out that tank mixtures of herbicides provided high-level technical efficiency under conditions of a mixed type of weediness in both soil – Zenkor (0,4 l/ha) + Kommand (0,2 l/ha) and post-emergence ones – Basagran (2,5 l/ha) + Harmony (0,008 kg/ha). In the specified doses, two-component mixtures of herbicides lowered a total number of monocot and dicotyledonous weeds by 41-78 percent on the 30th day after introduction and by 61-67 percent before harvesting, and lowered crude weight of all the weeds almost by 80 percent. It was noticed that effective control of weediness of crops with a mixture of drugs Zenkor and Kommand, preliminary inoculation and introduction of nitrogen mineral fertilizers in a dose N 90 , promoted increment of plant productivity and formation of higher yield. Its veracious increase in relation to a control without inoculation, fertilizers and chemical weeding achieved almost 3 tons per hectare or closely to 300 percent on these variants. At the same time, negative influence of endogenous mineral nitrogen and an herbicide background on processes of biologic nitrogen fixation in soil wasn’t revealed. Results of researches show positive influence of rational use of agrotechnical measures listed above on improvement of soybean harvest quality, in particular on increment of protein contents in grains by 6,4 percent.