БИОСТИМУЛЯТОРЫ РОСТА И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ РАСТЕНИЙ ТЕРПЕНОИДНОЙ ПРИРОДЫ И ДРУГИЕ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИ АКТИВНЫЕ СОЕДИНЕНИЯ, ПОЛУЧЕННЫЕ ИЗ ХВОЙНЫХ ПОРОД

Abstract

The use of biostimulators has attracted research attention as a promising method for increasing the yield and sustainability of agricultural plants. A wide range of substances can be utilized as biostimulators, including mixtures of both known and unknown chemical composition. Thus, conifers are considered to be an economically and environmentally justified source of biostimulators. Wood of coniferous plants, as well as their needles and bark, contain terpenoids, which constitute a large and diverse class of naturally occurring biologically active compounds. This paper discusses possible pathways for the biosynthesis of terpenoids, along with enzymes and genes involved in this process, as well as the intracellular compartmentalization of their metabolism and accumulation in living tissues. A number of examples are provided that demonstrate the successful use of preparations obtained from conifers and containing both terpenoids and some other bioactive substances. Such preparations are actively being used not only for research purposes, but also in practical agriculture in many countries, including the Russian Federation. However, in many cases, their active compounds, mechanisms of action and molecular targets remain unclear. Future research should focus on a controllable synthesis of terpenoids and other coniferous substances with the purpose of increasing the yield of the target compounds for either their direct application in crop production, or the pre-modification of natural compounds using chemical reactions.