Модификация параметров жизнеспособности иммуноцитов у детей, ассоциированная с сочетанным воздействием химических техногенных и экстремальных климатических факторов

Abstract

The article dwells on results obtained via immunologic parameters of immunocytes death among children living and attending educational establishments in regions beyond the Polar circle where industry was developing rather intensely. Our research goal was to examine early disorders in immunologic profile as per immunocytes death among children living in Polar Regions under combined exposure to adverse chemical technogenic and extreme climatic factors. 75 children took part in the research (a test group); they lived and attended educational establishments in regions beyond the Po- lar circle where industry was developing rather intensely. Benzpyrene is a priority chemical exogenous factor in this region and a cli- matic one is extremely low temperature in winter (average temperature is -33,8 оС in this season). A reference group was made up of children (n = 35) who lived and attended educational facilities in Polar Regions where there was no exposure to technogenic chemical factors. The authors analyzed several immunogram parameters including CD3+CD95+, Annexin-V presenting cells, TNFRα, CD3+HLA-DR+, bax and p53. Cell death parameters were examined with fluorescent analysis via flow cytometry. Also, the authors assessed specific sensitivity of IgG to benzpyrene via allergosorbent testing with enzyme marker. The research revealed hyperexpression of lymphocytes-cellular profile parameters in children from the test group in comparison with the reference one. They had 1.4 times higher expression of immunocytes stained with AnnexinV and a num- ber of cells stained with PI (Propidium Iodide) was considerably higher than a number of cells stained with AnnexinV as well as the same parameters in the reference group(by 1.5 times) thus indicating that immunocytes predominantly die due to necrosis. There was hyperexpression of HLA-DR+ receptor on lymphocytes (both its relative and absolute quantity in 12.4–13.7 % children). Expression of CD95+ receptor (a membrane marker of immunocytes apoptosis) was 1.3 and 1.4 times higher (rela- tive and absolute value accordingly).The authors detected an authentically elevated contents of tumor necrosis factor recep- tor (TNFR) as well as intracellular anti-tumor antigen p53, and antiapoptotic protein bax that were by 1.5, 1.2 and 1.3 times higher accordingly (р<0.05) against the reference group. There was a significant difference in production of IgG specific to benzpyrene in children from the test group since its expression was 2.4 times higher than in children from the reference group (р<0.05). The authors detected elevated risks of excessive expression both for membrane factors of cellular death TNFR (RR = 12.17), CD3+СD95+(RR = 5.42), HLA-DR+ (RR = 4.80) that were apoptosis affectors and for intracellular transcription factors bax (RR = 4.55) and p53 (RR = 3.71) that modulated apoptogenic signals. This risk was associated with combined exposure to chemical tehcnigenic and extreme climatic conditions. It wasestablished that children living in the Polar Regions under combined exposure to chemical technogenic and ex- treme climatic conditions had imbalance in the immune status that became apparent via excessive expression of membrane (HLA-DR+, CD95+, TNFR) and intracellular (p53, bax) parameters with cell death program shifting towards necrosis (as opposed to the reference group that was exposed only to extreme climatic factors). These parameters indicate there is im- mune deficiency and a significant probability of viral infections and their complications.