Формации, вождество и раннее государство: о том, почему «вульгарный марксизм» не объясняет политогенез в мировой перспективе

Abstract

Introduction: at the present stage of the development of Russian humanities, one-linear theories, among them “vulgar Marxism”, do not fully analyze the course of politogenesis in the world perspective. Thanks to the accumulated data of non-evolutionary anthropology, it has been revealed that the process of the emergence of the state did not always, or rather, even rarely, occur “in a straight line”, in other words, it developed from simple to complex. Purpose: to show that according to the studies of recent decades, social evolution does not have a strictly defined direction, it is often variable. Methods: the methodological basis of the article is the general scientific dialectical method, as well as the method of analysis and synthesis. Results: the article revealed that among the examples of inconsistencies between “vulgar Marxism” regarding politogenesis and historical reality, there are a number of structures that do not fit into the framework of Marxism. In other words, we turn to the experience of Europe during the period of barbarian kingdoms (V-IX centuries), the Greek policy and the nomadic empires of Eurasia (XII-XIII centuries). These examples, and many others, break the unilinear scheme, demonstrating alternative paths to civilization.