К вопросу об исполнении долговых обязательств в системе регулирования общественных отношений у балкарцев в последней трети XIX – начале ХХ века

Abstract

The article defines the role of debt obligations in the system of regulation of public relations among the Balkarian population of the Nalchik district of the Tersk region in the last third of the XIX – early XX century. For this purpose, the practice of resolving disputes and conflicts on them in the Nalchik Mountain Verbal Court, rural (village) and mediation courts is considered. It was established that at that time, debt obligations of this group of the population arose within the framework of a wide range of property relations (arising from contracts of begenda or ortak; vio-lations of the terms of loans from the Kabardian public sum; non-fulfillment of the terms of con-tracts for the purchase and sale of land, agricultural products, livestock; violations of the terms of marriage agreements (payment kalyma), etc.). It is concluded that the main form of liability for this category of disputes was material or monetary compensation in an amount equivalent to the damage suffered, which establishes its typological similarity with other groups of public relations regulated at that time on the basis of the norms of customary law of the Balkars.