Структурный состав почв юго-востока Центрально-Черноземной зоны с различным характером использования (на примере почв Каменной степи)

Abstract

The study of the structural state of chernozems with patterns of use was done at V.V. Dokuchaev Research Institute of Agriculture of the Central Black-Earth Zone in 2019. The study was done under the conditions of agrocenoses and undisturbed ecosystems. Soils of naturally preserved biocenosis were represented by ordinary chernozems (automorphic) or segregation chernozems, soils of arable land – ordinary chernozems (automorphic) or segregation agro-chernozems. The experimental plots of arable land with slope variants were represented by sections of slopes of the Eastern exposure with a slope of up to 3°. The soil cover of experimental arable plots was a combination of chernozems such as topsoil segregation, migration-micellar with a small part of zoogenic turbocharged soil. The soil structure was determined by the method of N.I. Savvinov. A significant reduction in the share of agronomically valuable aggregates in soils influenced to intensive agrogenic impacts was found. Confirmation of this phenomenon was a significant decrease of the coefficient of soil structure: 3.2 on arable land, 14.0 – on abandoned land. There was a threefold decrease in the amount of the soil aggregates under the conditions of agrogenic impacts in spite of there was the small amount of silty part of the soil aggregates. The meso-aggregates of soil with size from 2 to 5 mm were related to the most vulnerable component of soil agronomically valuable structure. There were the most noticeable decrease of the relative content of meso-aggregates of soil under agricultural impacts (along with lumpy particles).