Мелатонін: роль у патогенезі передчасних пологів та вплив на перинатальні наслідки в передчасно народжених дітей (огляд літератури)

Abstract

A review of literature on the physiological role and biosynthesis of melatonin, its role in the pathogenesis of premature birth and the impact on perinatal outcomes in premature babies is given. The study of all possible links of the pathogenesis of premature birth remains an urgent issue for scientists all over the world, because despite the amount of information we have today, obstetrician-gynecologists and neonatologists continue the daily struggle with complications for women who have experienced premature birth, as well as for premature babies. Purpose - to investigate the main mechanisms of melatonin’s influence on the course of normal pregnancy and possible complications, such as: premature birth, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction. Modern researchers are not limited to identifying the pathogenetic aspects of premature birth in which melatonin is involved, therefore the review also includes the main achievements of modern science in the context of the use of exogenous melatonin in the treatment of such life-threatening conditions for prematurely born children as hypoxic-ischemic damage of brain, intraventricular hemorrhages, neonatal sepsis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The high safety profile and positive results of experimental studies of melatonin in preterm animals suggest the possibility of using melatonin in antenatal neuroprotection and treatment of postnatal complications, such as hypoxic-ischemic brain damage, neonatal sepsis, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.