ТЕОРЕТИЧНЕ ОСМИСЛЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСІВ РОЗВИТКУ ІНТЕГРАЦІЇ В єс І СПІВПРАЦІ ЙОГО КРАЇН-ЧЛЕНІВ У СФЕРІ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ТА ІННОВАЦІЙ

Abstract

The importance and relevance of theoretical understanding of the problems of initiating and developing the processes of European integration are substantiated. Key theoretical approaches and concepts in the study of European integration are defined, systematized and revealed, including: federalism, functionalism, neofunctionalism, intergovernmental approach, liberal intergovernmental approach, the concept of political networks, multilevel governance theory, institutional approach, theory of disintegration. The cooperation of European countries in the field of research and innovation is described from the standpoint of several theoretical approaches. It was shown that the foundation of European integration in this area was laid in the early stages of the EU founding, and since then scientific cooperation between countries has been significantly deepened and expanded in both geographical and sectoral terms. The evolution of theoretical ideas on European integration is revealed in accordance with the periodization of A. Wiener and T. Diez, who divided these ideas, by historical and substantive contexts, into three phases: explanatory, analytical and constructive. This periodization has been expanded and adapted to modern conditions and challenges, taking into account the crisis processes in the development of the EU, by supplementing it with the fourth phase - disintegration with a period of dominance since 2008 and until now. This name, however, does not imply the inevitable destruction or disintegration of the EU; the generalization of theoretical ideas on disintegration processes indicates a significant discrepancy between the views of authors with Eurosceptic bias, who in their assessments are more inclined to the change or adjustment of European integration directions according to the new realities and expectations of countries. Emphasis is placed on the need for theoretical understanding of future scenarios for the development of integration in the EU in the context of the formation of a new historical reality related to the Russian military invasion of independent Ukraine.