Abstract
The presented lecture is focused on the lack of generally accepted ideas about myopia: is it a disease or a biological condition within normal range? The focus is made on the evolution of views on the disease in Russia. In accordance with modern concepts of general pathology, the reaction of cells and tissues to pathological agents (adaptive reaction) is mentioned, and some morphological data on experimental models of myopia are given. The structure of polymorbid pathology in children with acquired myopia is described. Key words: disease, biological version of the refraction norm, hypermetropia, myopia, emmetropia, culture, adaptation
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