Семантическая модель дворцового храма (часовня Святого Креста в Карлштейне и собор Спаса Нерукотворного образа в Зимнем дворце)

Abstract

The Cathedral plays an important role in life of the nation. In medieval society, it was a symbol of the clergy. In addition, it also has a mythological function in the realm of the imaginary. Another myth of the Middle Ages is the castle. It is a symbol of the concentration of strength and power. The cathedral and the castle are two centers of power: spiritual and secular. The Chapel of the Holy Cross is located in Karlštejn Castle, the residence of Charles IV of Luxembourg, who was not only the king of the Czech Republic, but, since 1349, the head of the Holy Roman Empire. Karlštejn is situated on three ledges of a hill, and the complex of castle parts expresses political and ideological position of the king. The Chapel of the Holy Cross stands on the highest terrace and is the most powerful structure of the castle complex. In addition to relics, the Chapel of the Holy Cross also kept the regalia of royal power. The Chapel of the Holy Cross symbolized Heavenly Jerusalem. We can talk about the special function of the palace temple in the matter of spiritual nourishment of the people entrusted to the ruler. The model of the palace temple was embodied several centuries later in the Cathedral of the Not-Made-by-Hands image of the Savior in the Winter Palace. The cathedral kept unique shrines. The most significant events in Russian spiritual and social life are also associated with the Cathedral. Palace churches, associated with both spiritual and secular power, acquired a special function of spiritualizing power.