ЗАВИСИМОСТЬ УРОЖАЙНОСТИ И КАЧЕСТВА ЗЕРНА СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ОТ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ МЕТЕОУСЛОВИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

Abstract

The main biotic factors determining the level of productivity potential of winter soft wheat in the Samara region are the amount of rainfalls before seeding and during the vegetation period, as well as the optimal temperature regime. The aim of the research was to evaluate winter soft wheat varieties at the final stage of the selection process (competitive variety testing) in different weather conditions. The research was conducted in Povolzhye SRISB-branch of SamRC RAS in 2016-2019. Winter soft wheat varieties were selected as research objects: Volga 86, Povolzhskaya Niva (included in the State register of selection achievements), Povolzhskaya Nadezhda (undergoing variety testing since 2019), as well as Erythrospermum 3730 and Erythrospermum 3765 varieties that have been distinguished over the years of research. Varieties were seeded on autumn fallow in four-fold repetition with a registered plot area of 25 m2. Meteorological conditions for 2016-2019 were analyzed, and their impact on the productivity and quality of grain of winter wheat varieties selected by Povolzhye SRISB was determined. Raindrop of the warm period (April-July)had a significant impact on the yield. The growth season of 2019 was characterized by less favorable weather conditions (the amount of raindrops to the norm – 65.3 %). The most adapted to the stress factors of the environment were varieties of local selection. In this regard, it is necessary to introduce varieties that are resistant to stress factors of the Middle Volga region, capable of producing stable grain yields with the use of mineral fertilizers.