Вплив елементів технологій вирощування на площу асиміляційної поверхні посівів ліній — батьківських компонентів гібридів кукурудзи в умовах зрошення

Abstract

Goal. To compare the influence of treatment of corn plants with growth-stimulating biological products on the formation of the assimilation surface of the plant to optimize the elements of cultivation technology. Methods. 3-factor field experiment (factor A — maturity group of corn lines, B — plant density in crops, C — treatment of plants with biologically active preparations) — to determine the impact of elements of cultivation technology on the formation of the assimilation surface area; measuring and weight — to determine the structure of the crop; methods of mathematical statistics (analysis of variance, rectilinear and curvilinear correlation and regression) — to determine the significance of the influence of the studied factors and the relationship between the characteristics of the assimilation surface area with productivity. Results. The maximum values of leaf surface area (0.499 m2/plant) were observed in the middle-late line DK 445 at a density of 70 thousand plants/ha and the use of the preparation Khelafit combi. Treatment of plants with biological product Bio-gel (on average by experiment) provided an increase in the area of the assimilation apparatus 0.022, Khelafit combi — 0.031 m2/plant. It was found that the leaf index of sowing depended on the density of the coenosis, the FAO group, and the action of biological products. The maximum values of the leaf index of crops in the flowering phase of cobs for maturity were observed at densities of 90 thousand plants/ha (3.12–4.04), in lines with FAO 420 (from 3.52–3.80) and under the action of biological products (on average, under the influence of Bio-gel — by 5.3%, Khelafit combi — by 7.2%). The presence was fixed of a rectilinear correlation (r=0.65±0.13) between the yield of seeds of the parent lines of corn with the leaf area of one plant and curvilinear (η=0.50±0.15) — with the leaf index of sowing. It was found that the optimal index of the leaf surface of corn crops in the flowering phase of cobs for the studied lines should not exceed 3.5 m2 of green leaves per 1 m2 of soil. Conclusions. The efficiency of treatment of plants with growth-regulating bio preparations Bio-gel and Khelafit combi for the formation of assimilation surface of crops of early and medium-ripe lines is established, which can be used for the optimization of elements of technology of their cultivation.