СИМВОЛ, ЯК СЕМАНТИЧНА ОДИНИЦЯ В АРХІТЕКТУРНОПРОСТОРОВІЙ СТРУКТУРІ САКРАЛЬНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ СИМВОЛІЧНОГО ТЛУМАЧЕННЯ ЧОТИРНАДЦЯТИ СТАНЦІЙ ІСУСА ХРИСТА)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the meaning of the symbols of the sacred landscapes of temple complexes, the reflection of the influence of symbols on the spiritual state of a person who is on its territory. The author of the article reveals the meaning of the symbolism of church architecture, it, unlike all other objects of architecture, is characterized by content and structure that cannot be described only in rational terms, but bear symbolic, spiritual content, are distinguished by a sacred character and are called upon to express holiness and spirituality. Much attention is paid to the concept of a sacred landscape, because the main axis of the article is precisely the development of "Stations of Jesus Christ" in the architectural and spatial structure of sacred complexes. Various opinions are given on the essence of the sacred landscape, the author of the article cited both material and profane foundations of interpretation, and a spiritual type of justification for this issue, which gives a wide range of understanding of the issue. The author acquaints readers with the history of the fourteen stops of Jesus Christ, which make up Holy Week before the main event for believers - Easter. Also, gives a summary of each of the "stops" (stations). This article presents tables that indicate the symbolic images in each station and a description of the architectural and spatial solutions proposed by the author. In the article, the author has developed and created models (using 3ds Max - software for modeling and visualization), which clearly illustrate the stops. With the help of elements of landscape architecture, the sacred meaning and spiritual content is conveyed, the holiness and spirituality of the place is expressed.