ДЕКОРАТИВНЫЕ ДРЕВЕСНЫЕ РАСТЕНИЯ В ЗЕЛЕНЫХ НАСАЖДЕНИЯХ НАСЕЛЕННЫХ ПУНКТОВ ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОГО КРЫМА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПОСЕЛКОВ МАЛОРЕЧЕНСКОЕ И РЫБАЧЬЕ)

Abstract

The results of research of green areas in localities Malorechenskoye and Rybachye (South-Eastern Crimea) are presented. Large-scale landscaping of the studied territory was carried out in the 60-80-ies of the XX century. Modern structure of green spaces is typical for coastal settlements – basically, these are parks of recreational complexes, with high concentration of diversity of trees and shrubs species. A historical park (the oldest one) in the South-Eastern Crimea (late 50s – early 60s of the XIXth century) is also located in Malorechenskoye. The researches made taxonomic, botanical-geographical and biomorphological analysis of dendroflora. The frequency of occurrence of species, the condition of plants, as well as the degree of their drought and frost were assessed. The studied dendroflora includes 106 species belonging to 75 genera from 43 families. The species diversity of trees and shrubs in Rybachye is higher than in Malorechenskoye (89 and 67, respectively). At the same time, 13 species are widely distributed in both settlements, the most numerous of which is Cupressus sempervirens. It was revealed that species of the Mediterranean floristic region predominate (31.1 %), and representatives of native Crimean flora take a significant place (34.9 %). The leading position in the biomorphological structure of the dendroflora belongs to deciduous trees (25.5 %), followed by deciduous and evergreen deciduous shrubs (19.8 % each), and coniferous trees (17.0 %). The species diversity of deciduous shrubs and coniferous trees is significantly higher in Rybachye than in Malorechenskoye. Most plants are adapted to local climatic conditions: 57.5 % of species are not damaged by drought, the rest suffer from it in different degrees; 78.3% of species are frost-resistant, others are periodically damaged by low temperatures and need better protected from frost and cold winds planting sites. The absolute majority of species (95.3 %) are in good condition. Plants Aesculus hippocastanum, Buxus balearica, B. sempervirens, Euonimus japonica are more or less affected by pests and diseases. Special attention should be paid to the preserve the historical park in Malorechenskoye and to give it a protected status.