УЗУАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОНЯТИЙ КАК ОСНОВА МЕТОДОЛОГИИ НАУКИ В ТРАДИЦИИ ЛЬВОВСКО-ВАРШАВСКОЙ И ПОЗНАНЬСКОЙ МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ШКОЛ. ПОНЯТИЕ СОБЫТИЯ

Abstract

The pragmatic methodology of empirical sciences proposed by the representatives of the Lvov-Warsaw School of philosophy, Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz and, to an extent, Tadeusz Kotarbinski, postulates the analysis of scientific practices. It prioritizes meta-scientific logical and semiotic analysis over formal and natural sciences, yet its study of concepts remains relevant for empirical sciences. The propositions are justified not just by empirical data or observation statements. An analysis of the concepts of empirical sciences, including social sciences and humanities, defines philosophy of science – applied methodology, in Ajdukiewicz’s views. The language of logic and semiotics (the latter is understood as the logical analysis of language) qualifies scientific epistemological presuppositions. An example of such an attitude is Ajdukiewicz’s own analysis, and another example in the Poznan school of philosophy of science is the work of Jerzy Kmita (a classic example is his 1995 book “Jak słowa łączą się ze światem”). This is relevant as far as the conceptual context of a denominational “event” predefines our understanding of the reality it points to. A conceptual scheme not only defines one’s conceptual view of the world, but also delimits what can be considered as empirical evidence. As a result, it defines the scholarly accepted mode of justification of propositions. In the practice of historical research, the justificat Eion refers to the so called historical sources, that is information used as source data. The article discusses the conclusions of Tomasz Falkowski’s book “Myśl i zdarzenie. Pojęcie zdarzenia historycznego w historiografii francuskiej XX wieku”