ВОЗРАСТНАЯ ДИНАМИКА ФИЗИОЛОГО-БИОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ КОМПОНЕНТОВ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СТАТОДИНАМИЧЕСКОЙ И ПОСТУРАЛЬНОЙ ФУНКЦИИ У ДЕТЕЙ ВТОРОГО ПЕРИОДА ДЕТСТВА: ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

Abstract

Maintaining the balance of the human body in an upright position is ensured by the functional usefulness of the vestibular, visual, proprioceptive systems and the musculoskeletal system. The control is carried out by the structures of the central nervous system, and all the mentioned systems can be combined by the concept of “a system for providing stat dynamic control”. The article highlights the view of various researchers on the mechanisms of adaptation of the stat dynamic function and postural balance of the body of children of the second period of childhood to natural physical exertion, as well as the correlation of some age-related anthropometric indicators with functional ones, which allows us to more fully characterize and understand the features of the functioning and interaction of systems that provide stat dynamic control in a person at a certain stage of his development. A review of the literature data allowed us to summarize some available information about the features of such indicators as the development of the supporting function of the foot, the balance function in a certain age category of people in normal and pathological conditions. The main purpose of the review was largely to identify the value indicators characterizing the functional physiological state of the balance of the lower extremities and balance in an individual in order to take them as criteria for evaluating the conditional norm. An attempt is made to assess the integrity of the found indicators, the need for their refi nement and combination with other indicators, since often the functional indicators of the assessment of postural function were evaluated by the authors in isolation from the structural ones and vice versa. It was also necessary to form a primary idea of the infl uence of external factors on the desired evaluation criteria. One of the tasks was to fi nd diff erences, or their absence, in the functional indicators of the balance of the lower extremities and the balance function in children, depending on age variations within the group and gender diff erences, and to conduct a certain analysis to understand from what age these indicators can be considered identical to similar indicators in adults. An important task was to consider some of the options described in scientifi c research for infl uencing the physiological and biomechanical processes of ensuring the stat dynamic and postural functions of the body.