Abstract
The results of the research carried out for the period 2016-2018 on the influence of the main tillage and fertilizer system on the fertility of the sod-podzolic soil of Precarpathian and the formation of photosynthetic productivity of spring wheat in short-rotation crop rotation are presented. The purpose of the research is to establish and theoretically substantiate the agroecological conditions of optimization of the formation of photosynthetic productivity of spring wheat of Claris depending on soil cultivation and soil nutrition system in the conditions of Precarpathian. The research was carried out in conditions of the FG "Fortuna", which is in the village Negivci of Kalush district of Ivano-Frankivsk region. An analysis of the conditions for the formation of the leaf area of the plants of wheat of Clarias strain showed that the intensity of forming the area of the leaf surface was significantly dependent on the fertilizer system and the method of cultivating the soil. It was established that the most powerful leaf machine of wheat plants was formed in the variant of the organo-mineral system of fertilizer for superficial (8-10 cm discrepancy) cultivation of the soil in the tillering phase - 18.4 thousand m 2 /ha, which is 8.3 thousand m 2 /ha more, and in the ear staging phase - 46.3 thousand m 2 /ha, which is 17.6 thousand m 2 /ha more compared to the control. In this variant, the photosynthetic potential of agrocenosis was 3.1 million m 2 /ha, which is 1.2 million m 2 /ha more compared to control. The net productivity of plant photosynthesis in the tube outlet was 2.3 g/m 2 per day, or 0.6 g/m 2 per day more compared to control. The processes of accumulation of dry substances were most intensively carried out by the organo-mineral fertilizer system (the introduction of pumice manure obtained at the outlet of the biogas plant) at a dose of 20 t/ha + N 40 P 30 K 40 ) for the surface cultivation of the soil (discovery at a depth of 8-10 cm). Thus, during the tillering phase, the accumulation of dry matter was 24.3 g/m 2 more, in the phase of the output of the tube - by 59.9 g/m 2 and in the ear staining phase - by 388.3 g/m 2 more compared to the control. It has been established that for organic and organo-mineral fertilizer systems, the conditions for enhancement of the photosynthetic activity of agrocoenosis of wheat of wheat were more favorable than the other (4-16 cm) plots and the surface (8-10 cm dispersion) of soil fertilizers, which were more favorable than other experimental variants Claris variety. Key words: sod-podzolic soil, Precarpathians, wheat, fertilizer system, soil cultivation, fertility, photosynthesis
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