Исследование распространенности сочетанного поражения органов зрения, слуха и нарушений когнитивной функции у населения Южного Урала в возрасте 85 лет и старше

Abstract

Material and methods. This study was carried out as part of the research project Ural Eye Study of Very Old People. The study involved 1526 respondents aged 85 years and older. Results. This study was conducted on 731 (47.9%) respondents (mean age 88.1±2.7 years; median 87 years, range 85–98 years) with available data on measures of vision, hearing, and cognitive function. The prevalence of low vision and blindness, hearing impairment, combined disorders and the presence of dementia was 51.8% (95% CI 48.2 to 55.5%), 33.1% (95% CI 29.7 to 36.5%), 20.5% (95% CI 17.8 to 23.5%) and 48.2% (95% CI 44.5 to 51.8%), respectively. A lower cognitive function score was associated with lower visual acuity (p<0.001) and a higher degree of hearing loss (p=0.03), adjusted for older age (p=0.001), rural region of residence (p=0.003), lower level of education (p<0.001) and higher depression scores (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of dementia was associated with higher incidence of hearing impairment (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.59 to 2.98; p<0.001), higher incidence of low vision/blindness (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.55 to 2.81; p<0.001) and a higher prevalence of combined visual and hearing impairment (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.92 to 4.07; p<0.001). Conclusion. This study showed a stronger association of combined visual and hearing impairment (prevalence 20.5%) (OR 2.80) with dementia compared with hearing impairment alone (OR 2.18) or visual impairment alone (OR 2.09). The findings show the importance of correcting sensory impairments for the prevention of dementia. Key words: very old population, population-based study, blindness, low vision, hearing loss, dementia