О влиянии почвенных и технологических условий на параметры зон увлажнения почвы, формируемых при капельном поливе древесно-плодовых культур

Abstract

Purpose: development of a graphic-analytical method for assessing the effect of soil conditions on moisture contours size formed during drip irrigation to select the parameters of drip modules for irrigating tree-fruit plants cultivated in garden plantations. Materials and methods: the planned dimensions of moisture contours of sub-drip soil space are taken as indicators for assessing and determining the parameters of irrigation modules for drip irrigation of row planted tree-fruit crops from along-row traced irrigation pipelines. When analyzing the parameters and location of moisture zones, the layout of plants in a garden with a distance between trees in a row equal to 2 m was considered, with a different number of drip emitters on the drip line within the inter-tree area. Results: using the author's dependence, the diameters and areas of moisture contours formed during drip irrigation in southern medium-thick chernozems were determined. For typical schemes for placing drip emitters along a row of traced drip lines that provide soil moistening in the undercrown space of fruit plants, moisture contours formed during drip irrigation are built. The obtained geometric parameters of moisture zones for different patterns of irrigation lines, characterized by different inter-emitters distances and different numbers and locations of drip emitters, are compared with the area of plant nutrition. Based on the results of comparing the areas of moisture zone and the zone of plant root systems distribution, a high degree of locality of the wetted space was noted. Conclusions: the graphic images and quantitative characteristics of drip moisture zones in the undercrown along the row space of plants created using the proposed graphic-analytical method allow assessing the state of its moisture content and making a decision on the parameters and schemes of the irrigation module for certain soil and technological conditions of the garden plantation.