Нормативно-правове та організаційне врегулювання переселення до Амурської та Приморської областей Східного Сибіру у другій половині ХІХ ст.

Abstract

Introduction. The article examines the resettlement policy of the Russian government in the second half of the XIX century, due to the need to settle and develop the newly annexed territories of the Amur and Primorye regions of Eastern Siberia. The normative-legal base and organizational measures are analyzed for the implementation of the Russian resettlement policy of the second half of the XIX century.  Methods. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity of systematization and scientificity using general scientific (analysis, synthesis, scientific abstraction) and special-historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-systemic) methods.  Results. It is established that the Russian authorities in the second half of the XIX century developed effective legal and economic mechanisms for the colonization of sparsely populated and newly annexed territories of Eastern Siberia. The main tools for stimulating the resettlement movement were: organization of communication and free transportation of the first migrants; establishment of sea and later railway connections; granting land plots to private ownership on preferential terms; introduction of various types of tax benefits; providing long-term loans; financial and material assistance for local development; exemption from military service, etc. The implementation of the measures resulted in mass migration of the population from the agrarian overpopulated Ukrainian provinces, which contributed to the military, political and economic integration of these territories into the Russian Empire. Purpose. To analyze the legal framework and organizational measures of the Russian authorities for the colonization of the Amur and Primorye regions of Eastern Siberia in the second half of the XIX century. Originality. It’s fulfilled a comprehensive analysis of regulations of the Russian government and provincial administrations on the promotion and regulation of the resettlement movement. Mechanisms and tools are traced for regulating the directions, dynamics, geography of settlement, social and national composition of migrants. A number of normative legal acts published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire and in the Collection of Legislation and Ordinances on Resettlement have been introduced into scientific circulation. Conclusion. One of the strategic tasks of the Russian government was the settlement of the newly annexed territories in the south of the Far East in the second half of the XIX century. The establishment of land and sea communications served to intensify the migration movement. Significant scale of resettlement to the newly formed Amur and Primorsky regions of Eastern Siberia reached in the second half of the 1890s and is associated with the establishment of railway connections.Initially, in addition to the Cossacks and the military, the government tried to attract wealthy migrants to settle in the Amur and Primorsky regions, who could settle on uninhabited lands on their own. The need to settle new territories as soon as possible led to the establishment of a wide range of benefits provided to both Russian and foreign citizens. In 1881, the permission to settle foreigners was revoked due to fears of a large influx of Chinese.It was served by the introduction of various restrictions and permitting system for resettlement, which affected the dynamics of the resettlement movement, its geography, social and ethnic composition in order to control the resettlement process.The study of this problem significantly expands the understanding of the reasons for the mass migration of the Ukrainian population to the east of the Russian Empire and gives grounds to claim that Ukrainians played a key role in the colonization of the Far East.