Теоретико-методологічні засади визначення змісту та сфер застосування соціально-економічних, політичних, економіко-математичних моделей в Україні та світі

Abstract

The subject of research - socio-economic, political and economic-mathematical models. The aim of the article is to study the theoretical and methodological principles of determining the content of categories and areas of application of socio-economic, political, economic and mathematical models in Ukraine and the world. The article analyzes the process of formation of the socio-economic model of the state and the factors that affect it, as well as compares the main types of modern socio-economic models: welfare state, minimal state, developmental state). The advantages and disadvantages of these models, their characteristics, examples and results of their application in different countries at different stages of development were identified. It is shown that the success of state-building processes depends on the type of socio-economic model used by the country. It was found that in the modern world there are no socio-economic models in "pure" form and "classical" models contain elements of other models. The thesis is confirmed that periodic adjustment or even change of models is justified. The main models of political and managerial relations in the system of public administration are analyzed. The political model inherent in Ukraine has been determined. The necessary preconditions for the stable development of political relations have been established. The article analyzes the modern economic and mathematical apparatus for modeling and forecasting the performance of the state budget and macroeconomic indicators of the country. Econometric methods that are quite common in the practice of modeling and forecasting of financial and economic activities are directly considered and compared; normative balance methods (model of inter-sectoral balance); expert systems, among which we can distinguish systems based on fuzzy logic; artificial neural networks; simulation models (Monte Carlo method, system-dynamic modeling); models of general economic equilibrium. Based on the research, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used in this area are highlighted, and a number of proposals for their application in the economy of Ukraine are formulated.