Обзор зарубежных программ реабилитации для водителей, управлявших транспортными средствами в состоянии опьянения (Новая Зеландия, Великобритания и Северная Ирландия)

Abstract

Drink-driving remains one of the leading causes of road accidents with a high level of injury and mortality. In most high- and middle-income countries (according to the World Bank classification), the completion of drink-driving rehabilitation course is provided at the legislative level as a prerequisite for reinstatement of the license. Over the past decade in the Russian Federation, one observes the growth in the proportion of alcohol-related road injuries in the overall structure of road injuries. Despite that, the abovementioned approach to reinstatement of the driving license for drink-driving offenders remains insufficiently studied. Accordingly, the results of the review of foreign rehabilitation programs for drink-drivers will allow us to identify effective strategies, making it possible to develop a pilot project adapted for use in the activities of the narcological service of the Russian Federation. Of particular interest is the study of the experience of rehabilitation programs for drink-drivers in New Zealand and the UK, that started with initially identical approaches to the appointment of rehabilitation programs in these countries and their subsequent development. The obtained results of the review of foreign experience in the rehabilitation of drink-drivers indicate the need to use not only an integrated approach including various stages (educational, if necessary – therapeutic, preventive in order to prevent cases of repeated driving of vehicles in a state of intoxication), but also to provide an approach designed to stimulate the involvement of drivers-offenders in rehabilitation programs. The use of such an approach in most high- and middle-income countries makes it possible to carry out both effective re-admission of offending drivers to driving vehicles and to reduce the frequency of cases of repeated driving while intoxicated.