ВОЄННІ ТА ВІЙСЬКОВІ ЗЛОЧИНИ В КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ПРАВІ УКРАЇНИ: ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА СПІВСТАВЛЕННЯ З МІЖНАРОДНИМ КРИМІНАЛЬНИМ ПРАВОМ ТА ЗАРУБІЖНИМ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВОМ

Abstract

The study deals with the conceptual and categorical apparatus of the field of criminal law, which relates to military and war crimes. It is noted that the concept of a war crime became enshrined in international legal acts relatively recently, namely in 1945 in the Statute of the Nuremberg Tribunal, but certain rules related to the prevention of war crimes existed from the time of the ancient slave-owning states of civilizations. The main norms regarding war crimes in the first modern sense of the codified act on the rules of war, the status of war victims, the rules of hostilities, namely the Liber Code of 1863, are given. Attention is focused on the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court of 1998, where war crimes are defined as gross violations of the Geneva Conventions of August 12, 1949, as well as 26 other serious violations of the laws and customs of war, most of which have been considered crimes by states since the Second World War. Definitions of war crimes by various Ukrainian researchers are given: M. Piddubna, V. Repetsky, V. Lysyk, and others. The article points to the normative consolidation and definition of military criminal offenses and norms on war crimes in the Ukrainian national legislation. The foreign national legislation of Taiwan, the USA, and Poland regarding the regulation of the issue of military and war crimes is also analyzed. In conclusion, the main differences between war crimes and war crimes are given. It is also summarized that in democratic liberal legal states, different approaches to the regulation of offenses committed by military personnel during their service, that is, regarding war crimes, have developed. In English-language law, you can find the use of the terms "military crime" (as war crimes) and "war crime" (war crime). Punishment for war crimes can be defined as in the United States, where there is a separate Code dedicated to the offenses of military personnel of the US Army and the National Guard, which at the same time has its own military justice system.