Особливості морфо-функціонального стану спортсменів з нетиповими варіантами змін автономної регуляції серцевого ритму у відповідь на фізичне навантаження

Abstract

Purpose: to determine the peculiarities of the morpho-functional parameters of highly qualified athletes, in whom, in response to intense physical activity, atypical variants of changes in the autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm were noted. Material and methods: 202 highly qualified male athletes of various sports took part in the study. In the initial state, routine measurements of body size and body functions were carried out according to standard methods, Kerdo index, Robinson index, Baevsky's adaptation potential, level of physical condition were calculated. The cardiorespiratory system was studied using the spiroarteriocardiorhythmography method before the training load (K1), immediately after it (K2), as well as the next morning after training (K3). Heart rate variability was analyzed according to the method proposed by N.I. Shlyk Athletes with atypical variants of changes in the autonomic regulation of heart rhythm were identified, which indicated the probable development of overfatigue (GS1 – 9 people) and overstrain according to the sympathetic (GS2 – 10 people) and parasympathetic types (GS3 – 9 people). Results: the determined morpho-functional features of athletes allow us to assume that in the development of overfatigue, one of the important indicators is a decrease in the vital index and an increase in Baevsky AP, with a persistent predominance of sympathetic influences, a greater content of fat mass and an increase in diastolic blood pressure against the background of unchanged systolic blood pressure are important blood pressure, with a persistent predominance of parasympathetic influences, low body mass index, chest circumference against the background of increased mobility, as well as significant changes in indices that determine pronounced economization of the cardiovascular system and predict high work capacity are important. Conclusions: In general, the identified features do not provide a clear opportunity to predict the development of atypical changes in the autonomic regulation of the cardiovascular system in response to intense physical exertion, but they can be useful in determining the states of training, overfatigue and overstrain of the athletes' body.