АНАЛИЗ АССОЦИАЦИЙ ПУЛА ЖИРНЫХ КИСЛОТ, БИОХИМИЧЕСКИХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ И КОМПОЗИЦИОННОГО СОСТАВА ТЕЛА У ДЕТЕЙ И ПОДРОСТКОВ С РАЗЛИЧНОЙ МАССОЙ ТЕЛА

Abstract

Obesity has reached its alarming levels among children and adolescents recently. The study of plasma fatty acid (FA) composition and its connection to the other parameters that are closely related to obesity and cardiometabolic profile with the purpose of searching for the new predictive markers of metabolic disorders is a promising direction for the researchers. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between the levels of FA, biochemical markers of metabolic disorders and body composition in adolescents with different body weights (BW). Materials and methods: cross-sectional single-center comparative study in parallel groups was held in May to September 2022; the adolescents aged 10 to 15 y/o were divided into two groups as follows. The main group consisted of 17 adolescents: 9 (53%) boys and 8 (47%) girls, the median age was 14.1 y/o [10.9; 15.8], with overweight and exogenously constitutional obesity of varying degrees. The control group of 10 healthy adolescents: 5 (50%) boys and 5 (50%) girls, median age 15.2 years [11.3; 15.9]. The groups did not differ statistically significantly in terms of age/gender. Anthropometric assessment included the measuring of height, waist and hip circumferences with an accuracy of 0.1 cm, BW with an accuracy of 0.1 kg without shoes and outerwear on the scales. The body mass index (BMI) measurements to standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated with the WHO AnthroPlus software. All of the patients have also undergone the body composition study with a qualitative and quantitative assessment of adipose and muscle tissue using the InBody 770 analyzer. Results: in obese adolescents, the levels of all FA from the studied panel, except for linoleic, dihomo-γ-linolenic (p=0.033), docosatetraenoic (p=0.032), clupanodonic (p=0.003) acids and cholesterol oleate (p<0.001) were statistically significantly higher compared to the control group. The area of visceral fat was positively correlated with the level of gadoleic acid (r=0.810, p=0.027), the level of behenic acid showed positive statistically significant correlation with such indicators as lean body mass index (r=0.786, p=0.036) and total body phase angle (r=0.877, p=0.004). The level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) had a positive statistically significant correlation with stearic (r=0.625, p=0.007), oleic (r=0.483, p=0.050), arachidic (r=0.626, p=0.007), docosatetraenoic (r=0.726, p=0.001), lignoceric (r=0.527, p=0.030), docosahexaenoic (r=0.556, p=0.020), nervonic (r=0.800, p=0.00), tetracosadiene (r=0.606, p= 0.010) acids, cholesterol palmitate (r=0.487, p=0.048) and Cholesta-4,6-dien-3-ol, (3β)- (r=0.572, p=0.016). Positive statistically significant correlations were noted between the levels of triacylglycerides (TAG) and stearic (r=0.577, p=0.015), arachidic (r=0.580, p=0.015), docosatetraenoic (r=0.650, p=0.005), lignoceric (r=0.506 , p=0.038), nerve (r=0.750, p=0.001), tetracosadiene (r=0.521, p=0.032), cholesterol palmitate (r=0.506, p=0.038), Cholesta-4,6-dien-3-ol, (3β)- (r=0.652, p=0.005) acids. A statistically significant correlation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels in blood serum was found only with β-linolenic acid (r=0.497, p=0.042). There were no statistically significant correlations between the levels of FA and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). The level of glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) showed negative statistically significant correlations with oleic (r=-0.524, p=0.031), arachidic (r=-0.588, p=0.013), arachidonic (r=-0.532, p=0.028) acids, cholesterol palmitate (r=-0.555, p=0.021), cholesterol linoleate (r=-0.514, p=0.035). The level of irisin showed negative statistically significant correlations with stearic (r=-0.563, p=0.019), arachidonic (r=-0.493, p=0.044), docosatetraenoic (r=-0.600, p=0.011), lignoceric (r=-0.630, p=0.007), nervonic (r=-0.597, p=0.011), tetracosadienoic (r=-0.499, p=0.041) acids. Also, negative statistically significant correlations were found between the level of resistin and pentadecanoic (r=-0.529, p=0.029), palmitic (r=-0.515, p=0.035), palmitoleic (r=-0.634, p=0.006), margarine (r= -0.614, p=0.009), stearic (r=-0.508, p=0.037), oleic (r=-0.576, p=0.016), vaccenic (r=-0.643, p=0.005), linoleic (r=-0.539 , p=0.026), arachidic (r=-0.506, p=0.038), gadoleic (r=-0.487, p=0.047), arachidonic (r=-0.546, p=0.023), behenic (r=-0.655, p =0.004), lignoceric (r=-0.561, p=0.019) acids, cholesterol palmitate (r=-0.643, p=0.005). Conclusion: The results obtained confirm the existence of a relationship between biochemical markers, FA levels, and the body composition, which allow considering them all as potential parameters for early predictive diagnosis of metabolic disorders.