Новые данные по черной и цветной металлургии у населения Южного Урала в эпоху раннего железа и средневековья: металлографический анализ

Abstract

The constant increase in new archaeological information obtained during excavations of settlement and funerary monuments of the Early Iron Age and the Middle Ages in the Southern Urals requires the formulation of new research tasks. One of them is the resumption of research in the field of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy at the interdisciplinary level, started by S.V. Ryazanov. This article examines in detail six metal objects (two fragments and a bow from a boiler, a chisel, a mirror and an arrowhead), which were analyzed using modern metallography methods. For the first time compositional analysis of objects was performed and the features of the alloys used were established. It is shown that research products have differences in chemical composition, which is due to different purposes and production. Boiler wall samples 1 and 2 are hypereutectic cast iron, the boiler bow is made of high-carbon steel, and the bit is made of medium-carbon steel. The bronze mirror is made of tin bronze with a small nickel content. Based on the analogies involved, the question is raised about the methods of production of cast-iron utensils at the Yabalakly-1 settlement of the late Middle Ages, as well as products made of non-ferrous metals from the Early Iron Age monuments, in addition, in relation to ferrous metallurgy, the places of extraction of raw materials are outlined. Comparison with previously obtained data allows us to conclude that the objects could have been made at the already identified narrow metallurgical complexes of the Yaruk type or even directly at it itself.